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Checker & simon v9/9/2023 The criteria may be weighted and these weights are applied in a formal manner, often with the help of a mathematical model. For example, based on the criteria of cost and time available, it may be best to travel to Delhi from Bangalore by train. For example, the choice of cost and time may be the most important criteria for the decision-making process.Īt the next stage, that of choice, the criteria are applied to select the best answer from the available choices. The question addressed at this stageis as follows: What criteria should be used to decide between the alternative possible solutions to the problem? This question requires the decision maker to settle on the criteria that are important, and then select or rank-order them. This inquiry is open-ended and will involve searching for all possible avenues by which the problem can be solved. In the first stage, that of intelligence, they collect information about the issue from the environment and the surrounding context.įor example, if a person is faced with the problem of traveling from Bangalore to New Delhi, a distance of about 2000 km, then in the intelligence stage the person will seek all possible information of how to travel – by air, by train, by bus, or by a personal vehicle. He called these the Intelligence, Design, and Choice stages.ĭecision making can also be considered as a type of problem solving. Herbert Simon, the Nobel Prize winning researcher, showed that humans went through three essential stages in the act of problem solving.
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